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【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforEnumerationofMycobacteriainMetalworkingFluidsbyDirectMicroscopicCounting(DMC)Method
【原文标准名称】:用直接显微镜计数(DMC)法进行金属加工液中分支杆菌计数的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTME2564-2007
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2007
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E34.50
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:计数;流体;工业用油;润滑剂;金属加工;微生物学;测试
【英文主题词】:acid-fastBacteria(AFB);acid-faststaining;directmicroscopiccount(DMC);hypersensitivitypneumonitis(HP);metalworkingfluid(MWF);microscopicfactor(MF);non-tuberculousmycobacterium(NTM)
【摘要】:Duringthepastdecade,ithasbecomeincreasinglyapparentthatnon-tuberculousmycobacteriaarecommonmembersoftheindigenousMWFbacterialpopulation.Measurementofmycobacterialcellcountdensitiesisanimportantstepinestablishingapossiblerelationshipbetweenmycobacteriaandoccupationalhealthrelatedallergicresponses,forexample,HypersensitivityPneumonitis(HP)inpersonsexposedtoaerosolsofmetalworkingfluids.Itisknownthattheviablemycobacteriacountunderestimatesthetotalmycobacteriallevelsbynotcountingthenon-culturable,possiblydeadormoribundpopulationthatispotentiallyequallyimportantintheinvestigationofoccupationalhealthrelatedproblems.TheDirectMicroscopicCountingMethod(DMC)describedheregivesaquantitativeassessmentofthetotalnumbersofacid-fastbacilli.Itinvolvesusingacid-faststainingtoselectivelyidentifymycobacteriafromotherbacteria,followedbyenumerationordirectmicroscopiccountingofaknownvolumeoveraknownarea.Althoughothermicrobesx2014;particularlytheActinomycetesx2014;alsostainacidfast,theyaredifferentiatedfromthemycobacteriabecauseoftheirmorphologyandsize.Non-mycobacteria,acid-fastmicrobesare50-100timeslargerthanmycobacteria.Themethodprovidesquantitativeinformationonthetotal(culturableandnon-culturableviable,andnon-viable)mycobacteriapopulations.TheresultsareexpressedquantitativelyasmycobacteriapermLofmetalworkingfluidsample.TheDMCmethodusingtheacid-faststainingtechniqueisasemi-quantitativemethodwitharelativelyfastturnaroundtime.TheDMCmethodcanalsobeemployedinfieldsurveystudiestocharacterizethechangesintotalmycobacteriadensitiesofmetalworkingfluidsystemsoveralongperiodoftime.ThesensitivitydetectionlimitoftheDMCmethoddependsontheMFandthesamplevolume(directorcentrifuged,etc.)examined.1.1Thistestmethoddescribesadirectmicroscopiccountingmethod(DMC)fortheenumerationoftheacidfaststainedmycobacteriapopulationinmetalworkingfluids.Itcanbeusedtodetectlevelsoftotalmycobacteriapopulation,includingculturableaswellasnon-culturable(possiblydeadormoribund)bacterialcells.Thistestmethodisrecommendedforallwater-basedmetalworkingfluids.1.2Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.Foradditionalsafetyinformation,seeLaboratorySafety:PrincipleandPractices,4thEdition
【中国标准分类号】:H10
【国际标准分类号】:07_100_99;75_100
【页数】:4P.;A4
【正文语种】:


【英文标准名称】:Safetyofmachinery—Ergonomicdesignprinciples—Part1:Terminologyandgeneralprinciples
【原文标准名称】:机械安全性.人类工效学设计原则.术语和一般原则
【标准号】:BSEN614-1-2006+A1-2009
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:英国
【发布日期】:2006-05-31
【实施或试行日期】:2006-05-31
【发布单位】:英国标准学会(GB-BSI)
【起草单位】:BSI
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:通路;可访问的;解剖结构;人体测量特征;人体测量术;生物力学;可清除干净特性;控制;危险的可裂变物质;定义(术语);设计;设计原理;工作环境;人类工效学;牢固的;指导原则;指示;照明系统;机械;维修;人机;安装;噪声(环境的);操作元件;操作者;操作者(人员);体力;原则;辐射;风险;规则;安全性;机械安全性;安全性要求;操作程序;信号;模板;术语学;热排放;运输;振动;称重系统;工作物质;工作场所安全性
【英文主题词】:Access;Accessible;Anatomicalconfigurations;Anthropometriccharacteristics;Anthropometry;Biomechanics;Cleanability;Controls;Dangerousstuffs;Definitions;Design;Designprinciples;Environment(working);Ergonomics;Firm;Guidingprinciple;Indications;Lightingsystems;Machines;Maintenance;Man-machine;Mounting;Noise(environmental);Operatingelements;Operators;Operators(personnel);Physicalstrength;Principles;Radiation;Risk;Rules;Safety;Safetyofmachinery;Safetyrequirements;Sequenceofoperations;Signals;Templates;Terminology;Thermalemission;Transport;Vibration;Weightingsystem;Workingsubstances;Workplacesafety
【摘要】:ThisEuropeanStandardestablishestheergonomicprinciplestobefollowedduringtheprocessofdesignofmachinery.ThisEuropeanStandardappliestotheinteractionsbetweenoperatorsandmachinerywheninstalling,operating,adjusting,maintaining,cleaning,dismantling,repairingortransportingequipment,andoutlinestheprinciplestobefollowedintakingthehealth,safetyandwell-beingoftheoperatorintoaccount.ThisEuropeanStandardprovidesaframeworkwithinwhichtherangeofmorespecificergonomicsstandardsandotherrelatedstandardsrelevanttomachinerydesignshouldbeapplied.TheergonomicprinciplesgiveninthisEuropeanStandardapplytoallrangesofhumanabilitiesandcharacteristicstoensuresafety,healthandwell-beingandoverallsystemperformance.Informationwillneedtobeinterpretedtosuittheintendeduse.NOTEAlthoughtheprinciplesinthisEuropeanStandardareorientatedtowardsmachineryforoccupationaluse,theyarealsoapplicabletoequipmentandmachineryforprivateuse.
【中国标准分类号】:A25
【国际标准分类号】:13_110;13_180
【页数】:28P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语